Cleaning and steam sterilization

General guidance for stainless hand instruments. Always follow your local infection-control rules and your autoclave manufacturer's instructions.

Before first use

Instruments are supplied non-sterile. Clean, inspect and sterilize every new instrument before it is used on a patient.

Point of use. Wipe off gross debris and keep instruments moist so blood does not dry on.
Cleaning. Use an ultrasonic bath or washer-disinfector with a neutral or mildly alkaline instrument detergent. Open hinged instruments.
Rinse. Use softened, deionised or distilled water to avoid spotting.
Dry and inspect. Check tips, edges and joints under good light. Lubricate hinges with a steam-permeable instrument lubricant.
Package. Use pouches or cassettes, with hinged instruments unlocked.
Sterilize. Steam sterilize. Commonly used cycles are 134 °C for at least 3 minutes or 121 °C for at least 15 minutes; follow the validated cycle for your autoclave.
Dry and store. Allow the full drying phase, then store in a clean, dry place.

You see	Likely cause
White or rainbow spots	Minerals in rinse or steam water
Orange-brown rust spots	Residue left before sterilizing, wet storage, or rust transferred from another instrument
Pitting	Chlorides, usually dried blood or saline
Black or dark staining	Detergent residue or unsuitable chemicals

Instruments that are pitted, cracked or misaligned should be taken out of service. Edged working ends can be sent back for free resharpening.